考试知识点42 阅读理解推理判断题
高考考试频度：★★★★★
题主要考查学生依据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的含义等。推理判断题是主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这种题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借用肯定的知识进行剖析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest 等词。应对这种题时大家不只要弄懂文章字面的意思，更要紧的是要了解文章潜在的意思，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的意思和作者的暗示作适当的猜测和推论。重点是：意思要靠判断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的看法及其写作该文的目的；剖析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词语在词典的概念和词典以外的意思；最后运用我们的常识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方法一般有：
1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that .
2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the
passage that…
3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.
4.The author implies that by the year 2080, .
5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.
6.The author mentions the fact that…to show.
7. This passage would most likely be found in _________?
8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________?
9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________?
这类提问方法的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，需要依据提问中的某些关键词眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及看法。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几个方面：
1.第一应该注意必须要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，判断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不可以主观臆想，凭空想象，随便揣测，更不可以以我们的看法代替作者的看法。
2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的首要条件和基础。有些判断，考生完全可以参考文章中所讲解的细节，再结合自己所学会的入门知识、有关背景常识或知识来帮助进行剖析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过剖析、综合、判断等，进行深层处置，合乎逻辑地推理。不可以就事论事，以偏概全，一概而论。
4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，知道语篇的结构，同时还要领会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑进步方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5.在解答推理性问题时，必须要注意确定推理依据的地方或范围。应了解所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行判断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行判断。针对细节的判断可运用scanning的办法，飞速在材料中确定推理依据的地方或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作判断时，则常常要纵观全篇文章。
推理判断题容易见到有以下形式：
1．细节判断题
需要考生依据语篇关系，判断具体细节，如时间、地址、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住重点的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借用肯定的知识进行剖析、推理、判断。
（2019·新课标I卷，B） For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some __________, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recallshow at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boastabout themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【语篇解析】本文是记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学习英语与树立信心专门拓展了一个演讲课程。
26.A
【分析】推理判断题。依据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.与最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不只教孩子阅读与公共演讲，还要让孩子掌握夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没信心的学生来讲非常困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识我们的优势增加信心，故选A。
27.C
【分析】推理判断题。依据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves可知，当他有一天问学生觉得自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立我们的信心，故可以看出这位老师非常关心学生的成长。humorous 幽默的， ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding需要高的。故选C。
2．因果判断题
需要考生依据已知结果推断致使结果的可能缘由或依据已有些缘由判断可能的结果。考生要准确学会文章的内涵，理解文章的真的含义。最重要的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，依据已有信息，进行剖析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑是什么原因或看出最可能致使的结果。
（2019·全国卷III，C）
Before the 1830s
most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possibleto buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventureswere immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.
【语篇解析】本文为说明文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。
29.C
【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，非常实惠的。更要紧的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。 结合第三段中间的“streets sales of newspapers would be commonplaced in eastern cities”可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可判断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。剖析选项可知C符合题，故选C。
31.A
【分析】推理判断题。第二段“The trend, then, was ‘penny paper’”及最后一段“The new trend of newspapers for ‘the man on the street’ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.”可知，“便士报纸”新趋势刚开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。已经进入商业范围的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推进了这件事。由此可判断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。剖析选项可知，A项符合题意，故选A。
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及看法等判断题
高考考试阅读测试中有的题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和用途或文中人物的态度、看法等方面的理解。做这些题时肯定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用我们的主观想法或看法代替作者的思想看法。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境氛围的语言，与表达感情，态度看法的词汇。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，特别是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平常积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景常识来辨别评价。
Parents should sTOP blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.”
He hasn’t forgotten them. He’ s just decided that he’ s not going to use them. She confessed that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
1. The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ______.
A. lazy B. quiet C. unusual D. rude
2. From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ______.
A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy to look after them
C. have come to hate them D. feel helpless to do much about them
3. What is the author’s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children?
A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it.
B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change.
C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers.
D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children.
【答案与分析】
1.D 此题是对人物性格的判断，依据文中第二段“One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. ”与其后的细节描述和该段最后一句话可知，以为严厉的妈妈想把她的孩子培培养绅士，但她的孩子后来对客人的表现却是不礼貌。
2. D 此题是对“人物心情处境的判断”。依据最后一段，“‘Where did we go wrong?’ her parents are now very sad.”一句可推断这两位爸爸妈妈对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为D。
3.A 此题是“对态度及看法的判断”，文中第一句话“Parents should sTOP blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it.”就表明了作者的看法，爸爸妈妈不应当一直为此事而责怪自己。应当采取手段面对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.”做总结，表明爸爸妈妈们不能不同意这个不好的事实。
4．篇章结构判断题
依据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会使用叙述、例证、比较对照等不一样的组织结构。不同文体的阅读困难程度、需要和任务不同，阅读办法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力能够帮助提升阅读水平。
Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
…
1. How does the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By comparing birds with human beings.
B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s story.
【答案】A
【分析】由文章1、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
5．文章结论判断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行概括性判断称为结论。
（2019·北京卷，D）
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganismscalled phyTOPlankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phyTOPlankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phyTOPlankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phyTOPlankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
PhyTOPlankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxideinto the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phyTOPlankton are __________ to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phyTOPlankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phyTOPlankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phyTOPlankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phyTOPlankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phyTOPlankton is changing. ”
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phyTOPlankton
【语篇解析】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，因为气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是由于一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，由于光线反射有哪些用途，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但浮游植物比较容易遭到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特点，并影响浮游植物的成长。
45. C
【分析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，因为气候变暖，假如不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phyTOPlankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phyTOPlankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物比较容易遭到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的重点特点，并能影响浮游植物的成长”。可知本文主要讲解气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。
题组一（2019年高考考试考试真题）
Passage1
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s. He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and sTOPs and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple sTOPs and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A. His music could sTOP his disease from worsening.
B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it
B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering
D. regretted offering help to her friend
67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A. It was slow but productive.
B. It was beneficial to his health.
C. It was tiresome for Naomi.
D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection
69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？
A. He felt concerned about his illness.
B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
C. He regained his faith in music.
D. He got into a state of quiet.
70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. The Kindness of Friends B. The Power of Music
C. The Making of a Musician D. The Value of Determination
Passage2
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old militarymedals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？What antique shop？" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. only on special occasionswould they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？
A. In the army. B. In an antique shop.
C. From his mother. D. From Adeline Rockko.
22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？
A. She was very impolite. B. She was serious about the medal.
C. She suspected his honesty. D. She came from a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice. B. Her knowledge of antiques.
C. Her childhood dream. D. Her memory of her brother.
Passage3
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than halfhave breakfast alone and nearly halfhave lunch by themselves. only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction. “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety
B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
Passage4
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand sTOP functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who __________ before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the TOP. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have sTOPped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot sTOP a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
题组二（2018年高考考试考试真题）
Passage1
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
Passage2
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb to new stimulation, new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to sTOP predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _____________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to explore the world around them
52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To sTOP complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher’s advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they ____________.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
Passage3
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the as百度竞价推广bly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
题组三（2017年高考考试考试真题）
Passage1
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?
A. Efforts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his work.
C. Feeling uncertain about his future.
D. Creatures forced out of their homes.
25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A. To rescue a woman.
B. To take care of a woman.
C. To look at a baby owl.
D. To cure a young owl.
26.What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.
27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
A. It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful.
C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging.
Passage2
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made room for new equipment.
B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C. It was done with the help of the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable.
26. What will probably happen to the building?
A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned into a museum.
C. It will be knocked down. D. It will be sold to the city government.
27. What can we infer about the audience?
A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
Passage3
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration. Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always ＂see me as a foreigner,＂ an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.
29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools
30. What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
Passage4
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to sTOP, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A. Her camera sTOPped working.
B. A woman blocked her view.
C. Someone asked her to leave.
D. A friend approached from behind.
42. According to the author, the woman was probably___________.
A. enjoying herself
B. losing her patience
C. waiting for the sunset
D. thinking about her past
43. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A. The rich color of the landscape.
B. The perfect positioning of the camera.
C. The woman’s existence in the photo.
D. The soft sunlight that summer day.
44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand __________.
A. the need to be close to nature
B. the importance of private space
C. the joy of the vacation in Italy
D. the shared passion for beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ___________.
A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling
C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1
Squirrels aren’t natural city dwellers. In 1986 the sight of one in a tree near New York’s city hall so surprised passers-by that a newspaper published a report about the “unusual visitor”.
Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,” says University of Pennsylvania historian Etienne Benson, who studied our relationship to squirrels over the course of five years.
First, they were introduced to Philadelphia, then to New Haven, Boston, and New York City. Park visitors were encouraged to feed them, and security guards ensured their safety. In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of Americasaid that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson.
By the early 20th century, though, America began to regret the friendliness it had shown squirrels. Cities had once been filled with animals—from horses pulling goods to dairy cows. By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside. Pets and wild animals such as birds and squirrels were all that remained of the urban animal kingdom.
Before long, people’s enthusiasm for squirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures. Today, it is rare to find kids with their parents offering food to squirrels under a tree. And, unfortunately, with more and more buildings being constructed in the city, fewer inhabitableareas are left for the little tree-dwelling animals.
What would be lost if the last of these city dwellers were forced to leave? “I think there’s something constructive to have other living creatures in the city that are not humans and not pets but share the land with us,” says Benson. “It’s a good thing to live in a landscape where you see other creatures going around making lunch. It’s good for the soul.”
1. What’s the purpose of introducing squirrels to Philadelphia?
A. To entertain park visitors. B. To keep the natural balance.
C. To encourage kids to protect animals. D. To make the urban life more peaceful.
2. What was the Boy Scouts leader’s attitude towards feeding squirrels?
A. Disagreeable. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Uncaring.
3. What might have happened to squirrels in cities around the 1960s?
A. They might have inhabited more homes.
B. They might have begun to go out of favor.
C. They might have been introduced to more cities.
D. They might have been moved to the countryside.
4. What does Benson suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Squirrels living in cities are annoying.
B. Feeding squirrels should be discouraged.
C. Squirrels should be allowed to live in cities.
D. It is possible for people to keep squirrels as pets.
Passage 2
Connecting with people has become so much easier with advancing technology. Tasks that once required a postage stamp or carrier pigeon are now as simple as tapping a name or even a face on your screen, and you’re connected. But also easier is unconsciously getting caught up in a dilemma by violating certain new rules for communicating. A big one for some: Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call. But that’s just the beginning.
“I’m usually pretty mild and not much bothers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-old office manager from White Plains, New York. But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message — “K.” “At the very least reply with, Got it.” he said “At least give me a few words here. You’re not that busy.”
There are hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of others who have taken Lo social media to express their distaste for people who don’t follow the unwritten rules of digital communication.
“These rules are simply a new display of a phenomenon we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivory, professor of communication a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generations and small groups of friends have their own slang and customs, internet culture has given birth to technology-dependent beings that have their own unique set of routine.
But not everyone gets the point. Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.
“As soon as people aren’t talking face to face, the first thing that gets lost is some of the richness of the body language,” Ivory said, “People immediately fill that gap by using emoji to sum up a feeling in seconds.
“There's great potential for danger,” Ivory warned. “What's considered polite in one form might be inappropriate or rude in another occasion.”
1. What can you infer about Mark from Paragraph 2?
A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.
B. He complains about social manners.
C. He can’t bear one- word messages.
D. He dislike a busy business life.
2. According to the text, which of the following breaks the rules for communicating?
A. John says “I got it.” to his boss face to face.
B. Jim calls Bill without confirming in advance.
C. Mary texts Lily to make sure if she can call her.
D. Jack sends “Thanks a lot” to his business friends.
3. Why may people misunderstand each other during digital communication?
A. Emoji cannot sum up feelings.
B. People use their own slang and customs.
C. There are large quantities of written rules.
D. People gets wrong messages without clear clues.
4. What are people expected to do after reading tie passage?
A. To obey their own digital communication rules.
B. To be aware of rules during digital communication.
C. To use advancing technology even with disadvantages.
D. To keep pace with digital communication development.
Passage 3
While there are a few ways to make use of your old smartphone, one of the better ways is to convert into a dash cam（行车记录仪） that you can use on your bicycle. With the camera, you can record your rides, which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle.
To use your smartphone as a dash cam on your bike, you will need to make sure it is properly secured to your bike. To do this correctly, you must take two strips of heavy-duty Velcro along with two pipe clamps（管夹） and a flat corner brace to properly attach __________. You will start by attaching the corner brace to your smartphone.
Next, attach a Velcro strip to your phone’s back. You will put the second strip on the end of the brace corner and cut any extra Velcro off and away from the brace. By using heavy-duty Velcro, you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose. The corner brace must be attached to the bicycle directly.
Take two pipe clamps so you can attach the part of the corner brace that is untouched so the phone can be held up and used. The pipe clamps must be positioned near the center of the handlebar, which will enable you to get a better picture when videotaping.
To run a dash cam app on your old phone, you will not need WiFi. You will just need to download a dash cam app onto the old phone. You will then just start the app at any time you head out on the road. There is always the chance of flaws, but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly, eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam.
1. What is the purpose of building a dash cam on your bike?
A. To make full use of an old smartphone.
B. To record the scenery while travelling.
C. To reduce an unexpected crash on the road.
D. To avoid unnecessary arguments in an accident.
2. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The bike. B. The pipe clamp.
C. The smartphone. D. The flat corner brace.
3. What can we learn about a Velcro strip?
A. It will fix the camera firmly.
B. It is better to keep it as long as possible.
C. It is important for the flat corner brace.
D. It is best put in the center of the smartphone.
4. What can be inferred about the DIY dash cam from the last paragraph?
A. It is a perfect alternative to a purchased one.
B. It is beneficial to environment in some way.
C. It is a much more demanding job for the user.
D. It makes its owner friendly to other people.
Passage 4
Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.
The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them.
Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be __________ affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by l. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.
Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cosplayt the West millions in increased foreign aid.
1. What does the underlined word "adversely " in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. slightly. B. temporarily. C. harmfully. D. gradually.
2. Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?
A. To adapt to the change of temperature.
B. To increase the quality of the products.
C. To reduce the cosplayt of coffee production
D. To get access to water supply more easily.
3. What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer
B. Small changes may have large effects in general
C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries.
D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.
4. How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?
A. Cautious. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Hopeful.
题组一
Passage1
【语篇解析】本文是记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但录制的音乐非常成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。
65.C
【分析】细节理解题。依据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真的热爱的东西，尽管没在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。依据第三段Melissa, his daughter ,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.可知他的女儿Melissa感觉保存他的音乐非常有价值，故选C。
66.B
【分析】推理判断题。依据第十段 “it was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “ the music was worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi说非常美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。
67.A
【分析】推理判断题。依据第十二段He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.与第十三段Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it, he just couldn’t play it.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve努力讲解脑海里的内容，所有些这类，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程非常慢。依据第十六段Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs.可知作品不少。故选A。
68.C
【分析】推理判断题。依据第十六段Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t. 与后文Steve获得的收获可知在完成Melancholy Flower之前，他的老婆还没有完全意识到老公的音乐的真的价值，故选C。
69.D
【分析】推理判断题。依据倒数第二段He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.可知，他了解自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他非常平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。
70.B
【分析】标题总结题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但录制的音乐非常成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最好标题。故选B。
Passage2
【语篇解析】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同一般的业余喜好：他在网上和古董店里探寻旧的军队勋章，然后将这类勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一喜好的由来。
21.A
【分析】细节理解题。依据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A选项正确。
22.B
【分析】推理判断题。依据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she meant business应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。
23.D
【分析】推理判断题。依据第四段中的“Corrado, a translator…was killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段中的“as I grew older…and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于过世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她非常珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。
Passage3
【语篇解析】本文通过一份调查结果显示，非常大比率的人选择一个人用餐，缘由不少，譬如逃离工作环境，或者深思自己，但一个人用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的大家一个人用餐，53%的大家一个人吃早餐，46%的大家一个人吃午餐，只有74%的大家晚餐不是一个人享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29.C
【分析】细节理解题。依据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
30.D
【分析】推理判断题。依据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜欢如此的氛围，由于可以坐在那里，查询手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台员工名字和他聊天，故可知，他与员工很了解，可以直呼他们名字，故选D。
31.A
【分析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，非常大比率的人选择一个人用餐，缘由不少，譬如逃离工作环境，或者深思自己，但一个人用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
Passage4
【语篇解析】本文是议论文，讲述要成功，就需要持续的学习，如此的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【分析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，由于战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最后写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，依据后文可知，所有些困境都没阻挡他的成功，年龄也是这样，故选B。
52.D
【分析】词义猜测题。依据第三段I’m talking about people who have sTOPped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C
【分析】推理判断题。依据第四段we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.可知，大家失去了好奇感，但假如大家想学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会一直留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
54. D
【分析】推理判断题。依据第五段we learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，大家掌握承受那些没办法改变的事情，掌握防止自怜，也掌握了无论大家如何去取悦其他人，有的人是没办法喜欢大家的，这个看法起初让大家烦恼，但之后会让大家释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉大家要掌握用适合的方法来对待生活，故选D。
55.A
【分析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要持续的学习，如此的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导大家过一个有意义的成年生活活，故选A。
题组二
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显降低；爸爸妈妈会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。
28.A 【分析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。依据整篇文章，大家可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方法和爸爸妈妈对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所念书籍的水平；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：爸爸妈妈与孩子的关系。故选A。
29.B 【分析】推理判断题。依据第三段中的the proportion who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，极少为乐趣而阅读的人的比率已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到目前的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而念书的人愈加少了。故选B。
30.C 【分析】推理判断题。依据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，很多父母仍然限制电子阅读，主如果因为担忧看一些电子屏幕的时间愈加多，也即是担忧会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
31.A 【分析】细节理解题。依据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，爸爸妈妈为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作要紧指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，爸爸妈妈可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。大家有多长时间没注意观察大家周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉大家：放慢脚步，携带大家所有些感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
51.D 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子察看得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以判断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。
52.A 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅游穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举如此一个事例是为了向读者传递如此的观念：防止过早下结论。故选A。
53.C 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟察看者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在干什么。故答案为C。
54.B 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第五段中的I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅游者只关心可以准时到达目的地，而极少关心周围的事物。故选B。
55.A 【分析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉大家：大自然只展示给那些擅长察看和等待的人，携带大家所有些感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。
Passage 3
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的要紧用途，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B 【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29.B 【分析】细节理解题。依据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的飞速进步，致使生态灾难。故选B。
30.C 【分析】推理判断题。依据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对将来担忧，但抱有最好的期望，他指出了进步绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对将来是充满期望的，故选C。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】救助小动物并没那样简单，由于你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果如何，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到爸爸妈妈身边的故事。
24. A 【分析】推理判断题。依据第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是让人心碎的，由于大家不了解救助的动物是不是能活下去，也就是说大家为救助动物而花费的努力或许会白费，这是不可防止的。故选A。
25. C 【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段中的She had found a young owl on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl可知有人给作者打电话是由于有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看状况。文中并没说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只不过过去看状况，所以D选项错误。故选C。
26. A 【分析】细节理解题。依据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它非常快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
27. B 【分析】看法态度题。依据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的爸爸妈妈，小猫头鹰的爸爸妈妈还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推断，作者感觉非常美好。故选B。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具备75年历史的剧院由于不利的地点和现代剧院的角逐而被转售的故事。
24.B 【分析】细节理解题。依据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不一样的是工人不只清理走了垃圾，而且还挪走了座椅和剧院的其他设施，由于剧院已经被转卖出去了。
25.D 【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是由于这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院筹备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的近况一样。
26.C 【分析】推理判断题。依据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.＂可以判断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。
27.B 【分析】推理判断题。依据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building＂可知，大家很难过，不想看到老剧院被拆掉。
Passage3
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文，第一叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了可以继续留在乎大利，她需要进行语言测试；接着向大家讲解对外来人进行语言测试是什么原因与对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉大家Cojochru的居住近况：薪资水平非常低，而且虽然在乎大利生活多年，但意大利当地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
28. A 【分析】细节理解题。依据第一段中的＂but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…＂可知，Cojochru是为了可以继续留在乎大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
29. B 【分析】推理判断题。依据第三段中的＂such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration＂可知一些人担忧对语言水平的需要或许会引起人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B。
30. C 【分析】细节理解题。依据最后一段中的＂even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently＂可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的得非常流利了，故选C。
Passage4
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅游的特殊历程带给作者的深思和感悟。
41.B 【分析】考查推理判断。依据第二段第一句Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view可知选B。
42.A 【分析】考查细节理解。依据第三段的句子She seemed so content in her observation.可知选A。
43.C 【分析】考查细节理解。依据第四段的句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.可知选C。
44.D 【分析】考查推理判断。依据第五段的句子This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.可知选D。
45. A 【分析】考查推理判断。最后两段内容是作者对这次特殊历程的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对一次特殊历程的深入考虑。故选A。
题组四
Passage 1
【语篇解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是不是应该留在城市生活的问题。
1.D 【分析】细节理解题。依据第二段中的Around that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas to “create pockets of peace and calm like the countryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。
2.C 【分析】推理判断题。依据第三段中的In the 1910s a leader of the Boy Scouts of Americasaid that teaching children to feed squirrels could show the rewards of treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Benson. （Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。）可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。
3.B 【分析】推理判断题。依据第四段中的By the 1950s those working animals had been moved to the countryside（到20世纪50年代，这类动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Before long, people s enthusiasm forsquirrels wore off, and they started to see them as annoyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures（不久，大家对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。到20世纪70年代，很多公园禁止给这类动物喂食。）由此判断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。
4.C 【分析】细节理解题。依据最后一段中的constructive和 a good thing等关键字，与 It’s good for the soul可判断Benson觉得松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。
Passage 2
【语篇解析】这是一篇议论文。伴随技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得愈加容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此很多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。
1.C 【分析】推理判断题。由第二段“But the one thing that he hates more than anything else in life is the terrible one-word message”可知，在日常他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键字“hate, terrible”可以看出，马克不可以忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。
2.B 【分析】推理判断题。由第一段“Don’t call until you’ve texted to confirm it’s OK to call”可知，在你发短信确认同以打电话之前不要打电话。不少人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了交流交流的规则。故B选项正确。
3.D 【分析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlike language, digital communication can be filled with ambiguous clues that the person on the other end of the call, text or email may or may not easily understand.”可知，与语言不一样的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或邮件另一端的人可能比较容易理解的意思是，也会困难理解的意思是。所以为何大家在数字通信中会产生误解是由于大家在没明确线索的状况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正确。
4.B 【分析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，伴随技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得愈加容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此很多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以看出短文目的就是期望大家可以在数字通信过程中应该注意规则。所以读了这篇文章后，大家被期望可以在数字通信过程中应该注意规则。故B选项正确。
Passage3
【文章大意】每年被扔掉的旧手机不计其数，但你可以借助你的旧手机自制一台自行车行车记录仪，如此不只训练了你的动手能力，而且又省钱又环保。
1.D 【分析】考查推理判断。依据第一段＂With the camera, you can record your rides, which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle.＂可判断出，安装自行车行车记录仪可以在事故中防止一些非必须的争论。
2.C【分析】考查代词指代。依据上下文可知，要想把旧手机当行车记录仪固定在自行车上，你需要拿两条耐用的重型棉纶搭扣和两个管夹，一个平角撑把旧手机绑好。故此处it指代the smartphone。
3.A【分析】考查细节理解。依据第三段中的＂By using heavy-duty Velcro, you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose.＂可知，重型棉纶搭扣能非常不错地固定住手机。
4.B【分析】考查推理判断。依据文章最后一段中的＂but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly, eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam＂可判断出，自制行车记录仪在某种程度上对环境有益处。
Passage4
【文章大意】在孩子的成长过程中，爸爸妈妈的教育与期望值要有一个“度”，不可以揠苗助长；同时，爸爸妈妈也要以身作则，为孩子树立一个榜样。
1.B 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第一段开头的“In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill”可知，既然是每位爸爸妈妈都会如此做，那样这种做法在爸爸妈妈中就是常见的，故选B。
2.C 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第一段第二句“It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate，but this can set Up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child”可知，在孩于成长过程中，爸爸妈妈不可以适得其反。文章第一段末句又说：“On the other hand，though，if a child is left alone too much，or without any learning opportunities，he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself”，这说明对孩子太放纵自流同样不利。依据这两方面可知爸爸妈妈对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个适合的“度”。故选C。
3.C 【分析】主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是“爸爸妈妈对孩子的严格程度有非常大的不同”。故选C。
4.A 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第三段第四句“If they are not sincere and do not practice…”及文章最后一段可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，爸爸妈妈应该以身作则，做孩子的好榜样，故选A。
Passage3
【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女生骑马比赛，这让作者感到开心，也感到虽然自己上了年龄，但有一颗年轻的心。
1. A【分析】细节理解题。依据文章第三段的句子＂We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.＂可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选A。
2. D【分析】推理判断题。依据文章倒数第二段的句子＂Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ‘Wow, you did well,’ she said.’I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.’＂可知，作者的出色的表现让Taylore 非常惊讶。故选D。
3. A【分析】推理判断题。依据文章最后一段的句子＂I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. …Because despite my wrinkles , glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart.＂可知，比赛结束的时候，作者的心狂跳由于他感觉开心而且年轻。故选A。
4. B【分析】词义猜测题。依据文章最后一段的句子＂like a horse on a warm summer day,＂可知，作者感觉 自己像温暖夏日的马，一直筹备好享受一番。故选B。
Passage4
【语篇解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响或许会显著影响咖啡。到2050年，世界上合适种植咖啡的面积将降低一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会导致不少影响。
1.C 【分析】词义猜测题。下文This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.说这种对温度的敏锐性增加了植物遭到气候变化影响的风险。由此判断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即便气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。"adversely "意思是有害的，A. slightly. 轻微地；B. temporarily.临时地；C. harmfully. 有害的；D. gradually. 逐步地，故选C。
2.A 【分析】推理判断题。答案定位在第五段Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.（咖啡生产非常或许会被推到更高的海拔，以借助更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地区域。）由此判断出，大家要在高地区域种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。
3.B 【分析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.和最后一段Not only that, but the economic effects will cosplayt the West millions in increased foreign aid.（不只这样，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万USD。）由此判断出，这类小的变化也会产生大的影响，故选B。
4.B 【分析】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.（一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响或许会显著影响咖啡。）和第五段Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.（事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上合适种植咖啡的面积将降低一半。）由此判断出，作者对咖啡生产的将来非常担心，故选B。